James Gunn made the following announcement: “The universe will continue to expand forever.” Sandage said about his finding: “It was a terrible surprise, because we have held that the universe is eternal. If it continues to expand forever, then it shows there was a beginning.” Dr. Gunn added that people will passionately hold to the idea that the universe is oscillating contrary to the evidence, because if they give it up, you have a beginning of the universe. If you have a beginning of the universe,